Ka Hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻenehana Distillation Molecular i ka Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o nā Diglycerides

Pōkole: Hoʻoheheʻe molekala, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka distillation ala pōkole, he hana distillation ʻaʻole kaulike e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea ma lalo o ka vacuum kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa o ke ala manuahi awelika o ka neʻe molekala o nā mea like ʻole. Hōʻike ka ʻenehana distillation molekala i ke kekelē vacuum kiʻekiʻe, ka mahana distillation haʻahaʻa, ka manawa hoʻomehana pōkole, a me ka pono hoʻokaʻawale kiʻekiʻe. No laila, hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi hou aku i ke kumukūʻai hoʻokaʻawale o nā mea hoʻolapalapa kiʻekiʻe, pale i ka maikaʻi o nā mea wela-sensitive, a kūpono no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea hoʻolapalapa kiʻekiʻe, wela-sensitive, a me nā mea maʻalahi oxidizable. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana distillation molekala i nā ʻoihana e like me ka petrochemical, kemika maikaʻi, a me ka meaʻai. Hoʻopili kēia pepa i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻenehana distillation molekala i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o nā diglycerides.

Nā huaʻōlelo koʻikoʻi: ʻEnehana Hoʻoheheʻe Molekala; diglycerides; noi hoʻomaʻemaʻe

I ka hana kemika, nui nā mea i loaʻa ma ke ʻano o nā hui ʻana. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau mea i kahi maʻemaʻe. Ma waena o nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale like ʻole, ʻo ka distillation kahi mea maʻamau, a hāʻawi ka ʻenehana distillation molekala i nā pono koʻikoʻi he nui. I kēia manawa, me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana kemika, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana e kau i ka manaʻo nui ma ka holomua ʻenehana a me ka holomua. I ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻenehana distillation molekala, pono e hoʻokele a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻano e like me ke kaʻina hana a me nā huahana hope loa mai kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no laila e hoʻolilo ana i ka hoʻomohala kemika maikaʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo i mea maoli.

I.ʻIkepili o ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe Molecular

1. Nā Kumumanaʻo Kumu o ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe molekala

ʻO ka ʻenehana distillation molecular kahi ʻenehana hana kemika hou i huki nui ʻia ka nānā ʻana ma ka home a me ka honua. Aia kona hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi i ka ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale kino, kahi ʻokoʻa loa mai nā ʻano distillation kuʻuna, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka distillation kuʻuna ma ke ʻano o ka hiki ke loea a me ka pono o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. ʻO ka ikaika hoʻokele no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻenehana distillation molecular mai ka neʻe ʻana o nā molekala o nā mea like ʻole a me nā ʻokoʻa hopena i ko lākou mau ala manuahi awelika. Ke emi iho ke kaomi i loko o ka mea hoʻokaʻawale a piʻi ka mahana, wikiwiki ka neʻe ʻana o ka molekala, e alakaʻi ana i ka emi ʻana o ke anawaena molekala. I ka hana ʻana o ka mea hoʻokaʻawale, lilo nā ʻokoʻa i nā anawaena molekala i mea nui aʻe, a hiki i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea. Loaʻa i ka mea hoʻokaʻawale kahi evaporator, nā papa hoʻomehana, nā papa condensing, a pēlā aku. Ma lalo o kahi ʻano vacuum kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hana like ʻana o nā papa hoʻomehana a me nā papa condensing e hoʻokaʻawale i nā molekala i loko o ka wai maka i hui ʻia a kahe i nā papa condensing, a hiki i ka hoʻokaʻawale holomua.

2. Nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā molekala

I mea e hiki ai i ka ʻenehana distillation molekala ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hana kemika ʻōmaʻomaʻo maikaʻi, pono e kālailai piha i nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana distillation. Me ka hoʻomaopopo piha wale nō hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia ʻenehana ke hoʻokō i nā hopena maikaʻi aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano loea koʻikoʻi i ka distillation molekala. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka ʻenehana sila vacuum kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia ke kī i ka hoʻokō maʻalahi o ke kaʻina hana distillation molekala holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana sila vacuum kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hana i kahi ʻano vacuum no ka distillation molekala, no laila e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana maʻamau o nā kaʻina hana distillation molekala ma hope. ʻO ka evaporator distillation molekala kekahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻenehana. I ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻenehana distillation molekala, he mea nui ia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ke ʻano o ka evaporator i nā koi hana, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, aia ka ʻōnaehana lawe mea. Hana kēia ma ke ʻano he aʻa no ka hana o ka ʻenehana distillation molekala. Pono kēia ʻōnaehana i ka hoʻonui hou ʻana e hoʻonui i ka hilinaʻi o ka ʻenehana distillation molekala a hōʻoia i kona holomua mau.

II. Nā Kumumanaʻo a me nā ʻAno o ka Hoʻoheheʻe Molekala

1. Nā Kumumanaʻo Kumu

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka distillation kuʻuna ma ke kaulike mahu-wai, i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻokoʻa o ka volatility pili ma waena o nā ʻāpana, a hana ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma ka mahana paila o ka hui ʻana. ʻO ka distillation molecular, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻokō i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā mea ma lalo o ka vacuum kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa ma ke ala manuahi awelika o ka neʻe ʻana o ka molekala o nā mea like ʻole. ʻO ka distillation molecular kahi hana distillation vacuum kiʻekiʻe kahi e hana ʻia ai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma lalo o ke kiko paila o nā mea, e lilo ia i hana distillation ʻaʻole kaulike loa. I ka wā o ka hana o ka distillation molekala, loaʻa i nā molekala ʻāpana māmā kahi ala manuahi awelika nui, ʻoiai he ala manuahi awelika liʻiliʻi nā molekala ʻāpana kaumaha. Inā waiho ʻia kahi ʻili condensing ma kahi mamao mai ka ʻili evaporation i emi iho ma mua o ke ala manuahi awelika o nā molekala ʻāpana māmā akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā molekala ʻāpana kaumaha, e hāʻule nā ​​molekala ʻāpana māmā ma luna o ka ʻili condensing a hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hoʻopilikia kēia i ke kaulike dynamic o kā lākou neʻe molekala, e hoʻoulu ai iā lākou e pakele mau. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā molekala ʻāpana kaumaha, ʻaʻole hiki ke hiki i ka ʻili condensing, hoʻi i ka ʻili wai mua a hoʻokokoke koke i kahi kaulike dynamic. Pēlā, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka hui ʻana.

2. Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Palena o ka ʻenehana Distillation Molecular

Ma muli o nā loina hana o ka ʻenehana distillation molekala, hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia kekahi mau ʻano. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻole like me ka distillation maʻamau, ʻaʻole koi ke kaʻina hoʻokaʻawale o ka distillation molekala i kahi ʻano wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia no ka mea e hilinaʻi nui ana ka distillation molekala i ka neʻe ʻana o ka molekala no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ʻaʻole ma nā kiko paila. No laila, i ka hana maoli, pono e mālama ʻia ka mahana ma lalo o ke kiko paila. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka distillation maʻamau, pono ka distillation molekala i kahi kaomi haʻahaʻa, a ʻo ka emi ʻana o ke kaomi e alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ke kiko paila. ʻOiai ʻaʻole pono ka mahana e pono ai kēia ʻenehana e hiki i ke kiko paila, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana hana o ka distillation molekala ma mua o ka distillation maʻamau. ʻO ka distillation molekala kahi hana distillation ʻaʻole kaulike me kekahi mau pono. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka mahana hana haʻahaʻa. I ka distillation molekala, inā pakele nā ​​​​mole mahu mai ka pae wai, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana me ka hiki ʻole i ke kūlana paila. ʻO kekahi pono, ʻo ke kaomi hana haʻahaʻa. No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ala manuahi awelika nui, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ke kaomi distillation. No ka mea he maʻalahi nā lako distillation molekala a he liʻiliʻi ka emi ʻana o ke kaomi kūloko, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi vacuum kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea aʻe, ʻo ka manawa hoʻomehana pōkole. Ma muli o ke kumumanaʻo o ka distillation molekala, hiki i nā molekala māmā e pakele ana mai ka ʻili mahu i ka ʻili condensing me ka aneane ʻole o nā collisions, e hopena ana i kahi manawa hoʻomehana pōkole loa. Eia kekahi, kiʻekiʻe ka pono o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. I ka manawa like, pono e hoʻokō ka hana distillation molekala i kekahi mau kūlana. ʻO ka mea mua, pono e loaʻa kahi ʻokoʻa ma nā ala manuahi awelika o nā molekala māmā a me nā molekala kaumaha. ʻO ka lua, pono e liʻiliʻi ka mamao ma waena o ka ʻili mahu a me ka ʻili condensing ma mua o ke ala manuahi awelika o nā molekala māmā. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka distillation maʻamau, he nui nā pono koʻikoʻi o ka distillation molekala, akā he mau palena nō hoʻi. No ka mea, pono ka distillation molekala i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma lalo o ka vacuum kiʻekiʻe, pono ia i nā lako hana pipiʻi a me nā koi hoʻolālā a me nā ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.

III. Hana ʻana o nā Diglycerides me ka Enzymatic

1. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia

Hoʻohana ka Esterification i ka glycerol a me nā waikawa momona manuahi ma ke ʻano he mea maka a me ka lipase ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu e hana i ka DAG (diglycerides). I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana esterification, hoʻopuka ʻia nā huahana e like me TAG (triglycerides) a me MAG (monoglycerides). ʻO ka wai i hana ʻia i ka hopena esterification ʻaʻole wale ia e pale i ka holomua o ka hopena akā e hōʻemi pū i ka hana o lipase. No laila, he mea nui ka kaohi ʻana i ka nui o ka wai kūpono. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā waikawa momona manuahi i hāʻawi ʻia ma mua o ka glycerol e hāʻawi i nā waikawa momona manuahi lawa no ka esterification me ka glycerol, akā ʻaʻole pono e nui loa, inā ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke wehe i ka hopena o ka hopena a i ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka hana lipase ma muli o ka acidity kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i ke ʻano esterification pololei nā pono e like me ka manawa pane pōkole, ka maʻemaʻe huahana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā ʻanuʻu hana maʻalahi. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea he pipiʻi loa nā waikawa momona manuahi, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o ke ʻano esterification pololei.

2. Hydrolysis hapa

ʻO ke ʻano hana hydrolysis hapa e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana iā TAG me ka wai a me ka enzyme e loaʻa ai kahi hui o DAG, MAG, a me FFA (nā waikawa momona manuahi). A laila loaʻa ka DAG o ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ka wehe ʻana i ka wai, MAG, FFA, a me ke koena TAG ma o ka distillation molecular. He hana maʻalahi ka hana hydrolysis hapa a he haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻolauna kēia hana i ka wai, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaila, ʻoiai nā ʻaila me ka nui o nā waikawa momona polyunsaturated. Ma mua o ka hana ʻana o ka hopena, ʻo ka solubility o ka wai i loko o ka mea momona e hoʻopilikia mua i ka wikiwiki o ka hopena. No laila, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā solvents organik a i ʻole nā ​​surfactants i ka hopena hydrolysis hapa e hoʻonui i ka solubility like o nā reactants a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hua o DAG.

3. Glycerolysis

ʻO Glycerolysis ke ʻano hana waiwai loa no ka hana ʻana i ka DAG. Hoʻohana ka glycerolysis enzymatic i ka TAG a me ka glycerol ma ke ʻano he mea maka ma lalo o ka catalysis o lipase e hana i ka DAG. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana glycelysis, hoʻohui mālie ʻia ka glycerol e pale i ka glycerol mai ka adsorbing ma luna o ka pūnaewele hana o lipase a hoʻopilikia i kāna hana catalytic. E like me ke ʻano hydrolysis hapa, hoʻohui ʻia nā surfactants papa meaʻai i ka hopena glycerol e lanakila ai i ka pilikia immiscibility ma waena o ka glycerol a me nā aila/momona.

4. Hoʻololi ʻana i ka esterification

Hoʻohana ke ʻano transesterification iā TAG a me MAG ma ke ʻano he mea maka ma lalo o ka catalysis o lipase e hana i ka DAG. Pili ke ʻano transesterification i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu: ʻo ka mua, ka hopena hydrolysis o TAG, a laila ka hopena esterification ma waena o ka lipase mai ka hydrolyzed TAG a me MAG. ʻO ke kaulike ma waena o nā ʻanuʻu ʻelua o ka hydrolysis a me ka esterification he mea nui a he paʻakikī hoʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o MAG he mea kūpono ʻole no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻoihana.

IV. Hoʻohana ʻia o ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe molekala i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o nā Diglycerides

He ʻano ʻaila olakino hou ʻo DAG (diglycerides), akā haʻahaʻa loa kona ʻike i loko o nā ʻaila a me nā momona kūlohelohe. Eia kekahi, aia pū kekahi mau huahana ʻē aʻe i loko o ka huahana maka o nā diglycerides i hana ʻia me ka hana. No laila, he mea nui loa ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o nā diglycerides. ʻO ka ʻenehana distillation molecular kekahi o nā ʻenehana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā diglycerides. He ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou a maikaʻi hoʻi ia, kahi e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa ma ke ala manuahi awelika o ka neʻe molekala o nā mea like ʻole. Hōʻike ia i ka mahana distillation haʻahaʻa, ka manawa hoʻomehana pōkole, ka pono hoʻokaʻawale kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻohe haumia, a me ka laulā noi ākea. He kūpono loa ia no ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā huahana kūlohelohe me nā kiko paila kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻike wela, a me ka maʻalahi o ka oxidation. Hiki i kēia ʻano hana ke pale aku i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela o nā ʻāpana ʻike wela a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka oxidation. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻokaʻawale me nā kiko paila kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi i nā kiko paila. Loaʻa iā ia nā manaʻolana noi ākea i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o nā diglycerides. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana distillation molecular i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o nā diglycerides. Eia kekahi laʻana, pono nā lako hana hoʻoheheʻe molekala i ka hana sila kiʻekiʻe a he pipiʻi hoʻi. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ʻenehana pili e hiki ke hoʻoponopono i kēia mau pilikia, a pono e hoʻohui i nā ʻano hana loea hou me ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe molekala.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ua hōʻike piha ʻia ka hilinaʻi o ka ʻenehana distillation molekala ma ka hana, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻolaha i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka holomua o ka ʻenekinia kemika maikaʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻenehana distillation molekala e pili pono ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻenehana pili, pono ʻo Kina e hoʻoikaika hou i nā hoʻololi loea ākea a me ka laulima ma waena o nā ʻoihana, nā ʻoihana, a me nā kulanui, i mea e kau ai i kahi kahua no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā palena hana no ka noi ʻoihana o ka distillation molekala. Loaʻa i ka ʻenehana distillation molekala nā pono kūikawā i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūlohelohe. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūlohelohe.

Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i ka ʻenehana distillation molekala a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mahina pili, a inā makemake ʻoe e aʻo hou aku, e ʻoluʻolu e leka uila maiKāhea iā mā˚ou hui ʻoihana. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia mākou e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka lawelawe kiʻekiʻe loa aNā Hoʻonā Turnkey.